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The US vice-president, JD Vance, expressed “great optimism” over the Gaza truce plan which he described as “durable” and “going better than expected”, during a visit to Israel on Tuesday, two days after Israeli airstrikes killed 26 Palestinians.
Vance’s trip, as part of the Trump administration’s efforts to strengthen the ceasefire agreement, comes as Hamas officials joined talks in Cairo meant to bridge outstanding differences with Israel.
“We are doing very well. Better than I expected. We are in a very good place. We’re going to have to keep working on it,” Vance said during a press conference in Kiryat Gat, southern Israel.
When asked how likely it was that the ceasefire will hold, he replied that the past week has given him “great optimism”.
His visit follows that of the US Middle East envoy, Steve Witkoff, and Jared Kushner, Donald Trump’s son-in-law. Vance met the two men on his arrival and is scheduled to see the Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, on Tuesday night.
The ceasefire has been shaken by repeated violations since it was put in place on 10 October, with Palestinian militants killing two Israeli soldiers and Israel bombing Gaza on Sunday.
Kushner, a White House envoy, who also joined the press conference, noted the complexity of truce, citing how “both sides are transitioning from two years of very intense warfare to now a peacetime posture”.
Speaking at a civilian-military cooperation centre, Kushner said other countries want to get onboard and become part of the de-escalation process in Gaza.
“Everyone believes it is possible to create something better in Gaza,” he said. “I do believe a great outcome is possible.”
The Palestinian news agency said Israel had violated the ceasefire 80 times and killed at least 80 Palestinians in the past 11 days. Israel, in turn, has accused Hamas of delaying the return of hostages’ bodies, which it says is a violation of the ceasefire deal.
Hamas has sent back 15 bodies – including two received from the Red Cross on Tuesday night named as Aryeh Zalmanovich and Tamir Adar – but still needs to hand over 13 more.
The militant group has said locating the remains will take time as many are buried under rubble.
A senior Israeli official told Reuters that Vance’s visit was aimed at moving Gaza talks to the second phase of the 20-point US-drafted ceasefire plan. Key sections of the plan – disarming Hamas, and the formation of a technocratic body to oversee the Gaza Strip – are unresolved.
Vance said that unless Hamas disarms, “very bad things are going to happen”. But he declined to give a deadline, adding: “I don’t think it’s actually advisable to say this has to be done in a week.
“We know that Hamas has to comply with the deal and if Hamas doesn’t comply with the deal, very bad things are going to happen, but I’m not going to do what the President of the United States has thus far refused to do, which is put an explicit deadline on it, because a lot of this stuff is difficult,” he said.
On Tuesday, Netanyahu also met the head of Egyptian intelligence, Hassan Rashad, in Jerusalem, where they discussed advancing the ceasefire plan, the Israeli prime minister’s office said. Egypt has been an important mediator and is expected to lead the stabilisation force deployed to Gaza.
In Cairo, Khalil al-Hayya, the exiled head of Hamas, discussed disarmament and the formation of the technical committee to run Gaza once the group relinquishes power. Israeli media reported that Hamas would nominate a number of representatives for the committee, though it is not clear that the Israelis would agree to their inclusion.
Israel also said on Monday that it did not want the reconstruction of Gaza to start until Hamas laid down its arms, to which the militant group has continually objected.
Despite Israel and Hamas accusing the other of not abiding by the ceasefire, both have said they are still committed to the deal.
“From the day we signed the Sharm el-Sheikh agreement, we were determined and committed to seeing it through to the end,” Hayya told Egyptian television late on Monday. He added that the Sharm el-Sheikh summit was an “international will declaring the war in Gaza is over”, and that he had received assurances from Trump and others that fighting was finished.
On Tuesday, Qatar, which with Egypt has acted as a main mediator in ceasefire talks, derided Israel. Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani, the emir, said Israel had continually breached the ceasefire in Gaza, and condemned its expansion of settlements in the West Bank. He did not mention allegations that Hamas was involved in Sunday’s attack on Israeli troops, but said Qatar would continue to mediate in ceasefire discussions.
As tensions continued over the ceasefire, officials said aid to Gaza was still far less than what had been promised. Gaza’s media office said only 986 aid trucks had entered the strip since the ceasefire began, a far cry from the 6,600 expected.
The World Food Programme (WFP) echoed the concerns, saying a little under a third of its target amount of food was being brought into the strip daily. “Sustaining the ceasefire is vital; really it’s the only way we can save lives and push back on the famine in the north of Gaza,” Abeer Etefa, the senior WFP Middle East spokesperson, told reporters in Geneva.
Under the first phase of the ceasefire deal, aid is meant to pour into Gaza through all five crossings, but key crossings remain closed, including the Rafah crossing with Egypt, as the dispute over hostage bodies continues.
Palestinians are still being killed by Israeli forces as they cross over the “yellow line” that marks Israeli troop withdrawals. Civil defence officials have said Palestinians have no idea where the line is on the ground. The Israeli military said it had begun to mark the yellow line on Tuesday with large yellow concrete blocks placed every 200 metres.
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